Linux operating system is renowned for its robustness and flexibility, making it an ideal platform for hardware diagnostics and issue resolution. This article provides an overview of key tools and procedures that you can employ to identify and resolve common hardware problems on Linux systems.

lsblk and fdisk: Managing and Diagnosing Disk Partitions

For a basic overview of available disk devices and their partitions, you can use the lsblk command. This tool provides a structured output of all disks, including attached partitions and their mount points.

If you need more detailed information about disk partitions and partition tables, the fdisk -l command (run with root permissions) will display detailed information about each disk device, including file system type and partition sizes.

smartctl: Monitoring Hard Drive Health

smartctl is part of the Smartmontools package and provides access to Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.), which monitors and reports various indicators of hard drive and SSD health. By running smartctl -a /dev/sdX (where X corresponds to your disk's letter), you can obtain extensive information about the disk's health, including operating hours, error rates, temperature, and much more.

Memtest86+: RAM Memory Testing

For diagnosing RAM memory issues, Memtest86+ is an ideal tool. This tool is booted outside of the Linux environment from a USB or CD and performs extensive tests on RAM memory to identify potential errors. Since RAM errors can cause a variety of inexplicable issues, regular checks help ensure system stability.

lm-sensors: Temperature and Voltage Monitoring

The lm-sensors package allows monitoring of CPU, motherboard temperature, and other components, as well as voltage and fan speeds. After installation and running sensors-detect to detect supported sensors on your system, you can use the sensors command to obtain current temperature values and other monitored parameters.

Stress Tests: stress and stress-ng

For stress testing the system and identifying potential hardware problems, you can utilize tools like stress or stress-ng. These tools allow applying increased load on the processor, RAM, and disk subsystem, helping to uncover issues that manifest only under load.

Diagnosing and resolving hardware issues in Linux requires a combination of the right tools and understanding of basic hardware functioning principles. By employing the aforementioned tools and methods, you can effectively identify and address common hardware problems, ensuring stable and reliable operation of your Linux system.