JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language widely used for web application development. Its syntax, rules for writing valid code, is inspired by languages like C or Java, but it also brings its own unique features and flexibility. This article provides a basic overview of JavaScript syntax, including variables, data types, operators, functional expressions, and control structures.

Variables and Data Types
Variables in JavaScript are containers for holding data values. Variables can be declared using keywords var, let, or const, each having its specific behavior and scope.

let name = "John";
const age = 30;

Data types in JavaScript are divided into primitive (e.g., String, Number, Boolean, null, undefined, Symbol) and object (e.g., Object, Array, Function) types. JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, meaning variables are not directly bound to any data type and can change their type during runtime.

Operators
JavaScript supports a variety of operators for performing arithmetic operations (e.g., +, -, *, /), comparison (e.g., ==, !=, ===, !==), logical operations (e.g., &&, ||, !), and more.

let result = 1 + 2; // 3
let isEqual = result === 3; // true

Functions
Functions are basic building blocks in JavaScript, allowing code to be reused. Functions can be named or anonymous and can accept parameters and return values.

function greet(name) {
    return "Hello " + name + "!";
}
console.log(greet("Peter")); // Hello Peter!

Control Structures
JavaScript provides control structures such as conditional statements if...else and loops for, while for controlling the flow of the program.

if (age >= 18) {
    console.log("Adult");
} else {
    console.log("Minor");
}

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}

The fundamentals of JavaScript syntax encompass many other aspects and nuances that can be explored. It's important to understand that a good grasp of syntax is crucial for efficient programming and application development. Given the dynamic nature of JavaScript, it's also recommended to acquaint oneself with best practices and advanced concepts to write clean, maintainable, and performant code.